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SPyX
Bipolar (III) Inmate

From: College Station, TX
Insane since: Aug 2002

posted posted 12-09-2003 09:53

This is my final paper for my Architectural Theory class. The first paper you may have read when I posted it early in the semeser. Actually you probably haven't read it since I only got two responses to it. Here it is -> http://www.ozoneasylum.com/Forum17/HTML/001033.html

This paper was supposed to be, What Should Architecture Be? I convinced my prof to let me write it on something I feel a bit more passionately about, website design! I appologize if the format is a bit hard to read. If it is too much so I'll take it down and replace it with a link to the MS Word file. Enjoy!

Edit: Ignore the first note. I never went backed and discussed WYSIWYG editors. I ran out of space.
Edit2: Geez it looks short here.

quote:
Considering philosophy was not something I was inclined to do. Pondering the true nature of architecture sounded less like an assignment and more like a sentence. Yet told to read and write about such things I was and read and write I did until I suddenly realized that I was actually applying, or wondering in what ways I could apply, the principles I was reading about to other facets of the design world. The parallels came quickly, especially between architecture and a field I have quite a bit more interest and experience in: website design. Both architects and webmasters must take into account their clients? needs and wants. They must be concerned about who will use their product, who will view their product, where it will be located, size, cost, efficiency, maintenance. So, this essay was born. I will not explore the relationship between architecture and designing for the internet in any great depth, those parallels should be self-evident. I will instead be taking a critical look at what web design is and should be.
I do not intend this essay to teach anyone how to design a ?good? website. Trying to do so would be akin to writing a paper on how to paint a good picture or, indeed, how to build a good building. The actual construction of a website takes decently thorough knowledge in several different fields.1 Instead, it is my goal that when finished, the reader will have an understanding of which basic principles we can attribute to a site?s success or failure.

CONTENT IS KING2
The number one, most pivotal attribute of a successful website is ironically something that is usually out of the designer?s hands: content. Content here is defined as ?the substantive or meaningful part.3? This is what the people who visit the site (hereafter referred to as ?users?) are really after. It is the information they are seeking, the product they want to buy, and the pictures they wish to see. Typically a site will thrive or die by the quality of its content while design takes a back seat. A prime example of this is Yahoo.com. There, users are presented with an extremely large amount of links to information at once. (A quick count revealed 58 in the top fifth of the page!) It is an organizational nightmare. The page is visually confusing and finding what one is looking for is an exercise in frustration. Yet Yahoo! is one of the most accessed most fiscally successful sites in existence because its content is so relevant to so many users. On the other hand consider the recent dot com explosion and subsequent dot com bust. Certainly most of the websites had solid design, but so few people bought the products, so few cared about the sites? content that they folded. Content is what brings users to a site and keeps them there.
Why then do we need this discussion at all? If the content of a site is substantial and relevant the site will succeed right? Well, no. Imagine if you will the entirety of Yahoo! on one page without structure. It would be chaos so thorough that the site would fail no matter how great the content. This then is the second critical point: the main
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1 Later in the essay I seem to contradict this statement when I discuss WYSIWYG editors. I mean it here in the context of well designed sites.

2 This certainly is not a statement that I originated, though it cannot reasonably be credited either. It is a mantra among designers.

3 Definition from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
_________

purpose of the web designer is to organize the content of a site. Content is king not only because it is the meat of a website, but also because it is what dictates the design of the site.4

THE DESIGNER?S JOB
The web designer is concerned with organization and presentation, in that order. This IS design. When I first began my foray into the web page making world I was criticized by those trying to teach me for my technique. I would start by working out the look of the site and then I would fit the content into whatever look I came up with. This is essentially flawed because by focusing first on the look of the site, the focus would eventually be on the look and not the content. 5
Before we continue there is a parallel here that needs to be made. There are two parties that the web designer works for. First is the client. This is the person or persons who is commissioning the site. This is who the organization of the site benefits. Proper and well thought out organization of content, as previously stated, aids users in their information gathering. The more efficient and coherent this gathering is, the better the client?s purpose is served.6 The second is the user. This is whom presentation is targeted at. Presentation is, in its most basic terms, what the pages of a site look like. It is the combined effect of the images, text formatting, and navigational elements on a page. Why does presentation benefit the user? Good, professional presentation is used to aid the user is navigating the organization. We are a visual people and so we use visual elements to put emphasis on what needs to be emphasized. We use it to help the eye flow through a page in the order that we want it to. It can be thus concluded, that a good designer, a creator of successful websites, is one that knows for whom he is designing.

PRESENTATION, THE FUN PART?
From movies to magazines to television, our culture is saturated with visual media. Every advertisement on the side of the road, every label on every bottle of soda is created by someone for the express purpose of catching your eye and the internet is a playground for every designer, professional and amateur, that wants to try his hand. Even the most ingeniously contrived content with the most expertly crafted organization system will ultimately be in need of a custom look. This is what users want. This is what
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4 See WarMage?s comments in this discussion: http://www.ozoneasylum.com/Forum6/HTML/000762.html

5See Dracusis?s comments in this discussion: http://www.ozoneasylum.com/Forum6/HTML/001041.html
Also, there is an exception to this problem. When speaking of art sites or portfolio sites, the purpose is often to show off interface design. In these cases it is perfectly acceptable for the focus to be on the look because that is essentially the content.

6Take for instance an online shopping site. Any will do. If a customer comes to this site and already knows exactly what he wants to buy, he should be able to find where to buy it almost immediately. It is very bad if the customer has to search for the place to buy. If it proves too difficult or time consuming he will simply go to a competitors site instead of searching. If the customer does not have a particular product in mind, he should be able to research the products just as easily as he could buy them. Here a designer?s greatest obstacle is frustration. His greatest ally ease.
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users expect. While websites usually cannot be successful on presentation alone, as argued above, they certainly can and do fail. Creating a well-made interface for a website is an exercise in focus. It has been stated several times before, but it cannot be stressed enough; presentation must not detract from the content of a site. In fact it must focus the attention of the user to the content. The most common criticism I read about a site is that the user?s eye was drawn to the wrong part of the page. Unfortunately there is no formula for avoiding this because every site is unique and has its own set of unique problems. If the colors clash, this will be distracting unless it is making a point about color. If there are animated elements on the page, the eye will be immediately drawn to them, which is fine unless you want the users? eyes somewhere else. Proportion, layout, and navigation are all things that must be weighed against content. It is a constant give and take. Presentation must always do more giving and less taking.
Then there is the ever-present overall aesthetic. How everything comes together to make a whole. Again no formula can be given because aesthetics are, we have to face this, subjective. Every visitor to the site is going to have a different idea about what constitutes beauty.

A TRULY MODERN MEDIA
Websites are a relatively recent phenomena. The internet as we know it has only been popular and populated for a little over a decade. Many of the problems we as web designers are encountering now stem from the standards set by the early webmasters. The very first people to try and make the web a visually nicer place to be were converted print artists who, true to their art, wanted every element of the page to fall just so no matter how it was being viewed. For a while it was good because technology for the masses was not keeping up with them. Because of the improvements in technology how web pages are viewed is becoming increasingly diverse. Users come from different platforms, browsers, resolutions, screen set-ups, and viewing preferences and web pages must look good in ALL of them. The web is not a static environment and we are just coming to grips with that.7 The final thing that websites should be is progressive. Webmasters cannot be complacent with the most standard technologies being used at any given time. Since our art has to be so business driven in order to stay relevant, the technical aspects of how web pages are put together is one place that we can really afford to experiment in. New standards and new technologies are being written (such as CSS) that allow us to more fully exploit the dynamic nature of our medium. We are at the forefront of an industry and must embrace changes for the better.

CONCLUSION
The essence of good web pages can be summed up in a little black book of clichés: Content is king; Organization before presentation; Remember who you work for; Stand out in the crowd; Change is good. Ultimately our art is all about finding the balance that works best for a particular problem.
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7See Suho1004?s comments in this discussion:
http://www.ozoneasylum.com/Forum6/HTML/001238.html





It's pronounced "Spikes!"

[This message has been edited by SPyX (edited 12-09-2003).]

[This message has been edited by SPyX (edited 12-09-2003).]

Suho1004
Maniac (V) Inmate

From: Seoul, Korea
Insane since: Apr 2002

posted posted 12-09-2003 10:44

What level this paper is being written for (ie, high school, university, grad school)? I only ask because it would give me some point of reference in terms of expectations.

Some general comments:

It sounds a bit too conversational for an academic paper (although you do consistently call it an "essay," which is an entirely different animal). It's also rather cursory--people have written books on each of your subsections. There is so much to be said, and the treatment here leaves me feeling a bit empty.

Depending on the projected length of the paper, I would have taken any one of the subsections and discussed it in depth.

And, finally--I've been quoted!

So, when is this paper being published? Is it going to be in any journals I might have heard of?


___________________________
Suho: www.liminality.org

SPyX
Bipolar (III) Inmate

From: College Station, TX
Insane since: Aug 2002

posted posted 12-09-2003 16:37

University level. Undergrad stuff. Intoduction for most of us into theory. Yes it is rather terse. It fill up exactly three MS Word pages which is around the expected length of this paper. I've made an A on each of the previous two papers so I'm hoping this is what he was looking for again.

Being posted here is about as published as it gets for this guy.

Cheers.

Suho1004
Maniac (V) Inmate

From: Seoul, Korea
Insane since: Apr 2002

posted posted 12-10-2003 03:42

Three pages for a final report at the university level? Wow. I guess things have changed since I went to school in the States.

OK, so we have around three pages to work with. I can deal with that. You have to realize, though, that three pages is not really enough space to do justice to the topic you've chosen. You probably don't have the time to make radical changes to this paper, but if I were in your shoes I would concentrate on one of the four areas you touch on: content, designer's job, presentation, modern medium (yup, that's singular, since you're talking about the medium of the Internet). Personally, I think the first section ("content is king") is the most interesting and has the most potential. You could easily crank out a good introduction to the issue of content on the web in three pages.

Also, you should be more economical with your words. As it is, you are tossing around words like they're free, but they're not. You have three pages, and you can only fit so many words on those pages. You have to make every word count.

Take your opening sentences, for example:

quote:
Considering philosophy was not something I was inclined to do. Pondering the true nature of architecture sounded less like an assignment and more like a sentence. Yet told to read and write about such things I was and read and write I did until I suddenly realized that I was actually applying, or wondering in what ways I could apply, the principles I was reading about to other facets of the design world. The parallels came quickly, especially between architecture and a field I have quite a bit more interest and experience in: website design.


You're writing a three-page essay, not a book. You don't have the luxury of sitting down in the parlor, leisurely drawing out a finely crafted cigar, sniffing it delicately, then quietly looking out the window at the rolling hills before beginning to speak to the reader. You need to jump right into things and catch their attention right away.

Also, this is an academic assignment. To be perfectly honest with you, profs don't want to hear about what you think about the assignment, they want to hear what you have to say about the subject. Don't try to be clever or literary. That doesn't mean you can't have style, but the voice here is just too casual. Take the following sentence, for example.

quote:
At first glance, architecture and web design may seem to be completely different fields, but they actually have a lot in common.


With that one sentence, you could accomplish what it took you four lengthy sentences to accomplish in the original.

To sum up so far, you have a limited amount of words to work with, and as a result your paper should be both focused and efficient. Words are always valuable, but they are even more valuable when you have so few to work with.

OK, like I said, you probably don't have the time to make such radical changes. There are a few things, though, that you probably will have time to fix:

quote:
I will instead be taking a critical look at what web design is and should be.
I do not intend this essay to teach anyone how to design a ?good? website.
...Instead, it is my goal that when finished, the reader will have an understanding of which basic principles we can attribute to a site?s success or failure.


These sentences just don't jive with me, and they could even be seen as flat out contradictory. "Should be" implies a value judgment, yet in the very next sentence you say that you are not going to be teaching anyone how to design a "good" (value judgment) site. You then reverse gears in the last sentence (which appears a few sentences down in the original) and say that you are going to examine what contributes to a site's success or failure--again implying a value judgment. (Also, you misused "attribute"--you attribute success or failure to basic principles, not the other way around; the principles are the cause of the success/failure.)

Your reference to 58 links in the "top fifth of the page" on Yahoo is troublesome. Screen resolutions vary--how do you know what the top fifth is on someone else's screen? What if they have their fonts set bigger than you? It would technically be possible to make the same space you describe take up the entire browser window. To be safe, just stick with something like "at the top of the page," or use a specific landmark, like "located directly around the search box at the top."

quote:
I was criticized by those trying to teach me for my technique


Ouch. Try: "Those trying to teach me criticized my technique."

quote:
This is the person or persons who is commissioning the site.


"who are commissioning"

quote:
In fact it must focus the attention of the user to the content.


Awkward. "It must cause/force/encourage/etc. the user to focus on the content."

quote:
Then there is the ever-present overall aesthetic. How everything comes together to make a whole.


Sentence fragment. Use an em-dash or maybe a colon (I'd go with the em-dash).

quote:
Websites are a relatively recent phenomena.


"Websites" itself may be plural, but websites as a whole are a phenomenon (singular). Unless you want to argue that each individual website is a phenomenon in and of itself...

quote:
The final thing that websites should be is progressive.


Awkward. Instead: "Lastly, websites should be progressive."

The conclusion leaves me feeling very disappointed. Why the list of cliches? A cliche, by definition, is something that has been bandied about so much that it has lost most (if not all) of its original force. Do you really want to be ending your paper with that?

Those are just a few things I noticed--that's not by any means a thorough job. Unfortunately, I have a paper that I need to write as well, so I'll leave you with this. Remember: tight and focused. Words are like gold--don't waste them.


___________________________
Suho: www.liminality.org

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